One of the most frequent questions from readers is a straightforward one: how can we do what you do and eat street food without getting sick? I get this query from readers all over the world, and it’s what led me to write a longer form book about that very topic. Street food is such an integral part of why I travel, and such a wonderful way to soak in the sights and sounds of the street. Given that my life revolves around eating and my readers want to know how to eat safely as they travel, this piece is long overdue!

I did not grow up obsessed with food, which is a surprise to many who read this site. People now laugh when I tell them that food then was simply a necessity and not a joy. But when I was diagnosed with celiac disease, I had to start paying attention to each ingredient as I ate. While traveling, this meant planning a lot more around food, which very quickly led to my present day obsession with eating the world. Food is the most intensive and rewarding lens I can use to learn about a new place.

How to Enjoy and Eat Street Food Without Getting Sick

My pre-trip research for food simply consisted of reading a book called How to Shit Around the World, which I highly recommend for its entertaining vignettes, practical advice, and the general satisfaction of reading it on a crowded subway. Despite consuming the book from start to finish I went to South America, promptly ate a lukewarm llama empañada, and threw up for 4 days straight as I crawled my way through the Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia.

“Ok,” I said to myself, “rule number 1 is do not eat your favourite animal.”

There were other times I did get sick, blatantly disregarding the book’s advice. But eating street food was not usually the culprit, and it pains me when people avoid street eats thinking restaurants are safer. An acquaintance got sick in Chiang Mai recently and said, “but I didn’t even eat the street meat”. I shook my head in dismay. “That’s probably why you got sick!” Instead, he went to a tourist restaurant during off-peak hours. Two strikes against his stomach right there.

As a strong proponent of eating the street, I wanted to put together a post about how I avoid getting sick from food as I travel. I realize people are worried about food poisoning, and the advice out there does seem to suggest restaurants are safer. I strongly disagree, with some caveats.

Once you know what to look for, pay attention to what locals eat and when, then you are on your way to successful, delicious meals that serve as experiences as well as dinner. No advice is a fail-proof method, but this is what has worked for me.

In my years of travel, I have fallen off a motorbike when a truck full of cabbages and pineapples rained vegetables down on me, gotten bronchitis, lung damage, a broken toe, and dengue. Not all at once, mind you. But certainly difficult, even when spaced out. Food poisoning, however, was very rare. In my 7.5 years of travel at the time of writing this post, I have gotten food poisoning a handful of times. The most recent time was when I ate a yoghurt at the 7-11 in Thailand in 2011.

That’s right, I have not gotten food poisoning since 2011 despite eating street food all the time.

This feat includes street food in India during my 2013 trip there. I have celiac disease, so if I do feel sick from the food it’s often a gluten issue — joint pain, mood dips, stomach trouble for the first hours. I can spot the difference clearly: no hugging the toilet for the long haul since 2011, and glutening passes quickly — no pun intended.

Here’s what I did to eat street food without getting sick:

1. Check out the length of the lineups.

Mexico City food stalls at lunchtime

Everyone tells you to eat at the stalls with the longest line of locals. This is still good advice! But I always add that it’s important to look at who is in line. I know my stomach is potentially less resilient than that of a taxi driver used to quick street meats, so I try to opt for street stalls with both women and children in line.

More variety in the customer base usually means the stall has been vetted enough that it’s safe for everyone. Yes, it’s still better to choose a long lineup of men over crickets and an empty stall, but given the choice, women and children in line is where you want to go.

2. Go back to school at lunchtime

For a cheap lunch, go to the local university and find a place nearby to eat. Students are a hungry bunch, and often some of the fun variations of east meets west pop up here. In Saigon, “pho burgers” were present but so were cheap stalls that served local favorites to a rotating cast of students. It won’t be the best meal of your life, but it will be local, fast, cheap, and usually delicious. Not recommended for dinnertime, however, as the meals will have sat out for the afternoon.

3. Transparent kitchen FTW

As I said in the introduction, I feel like I have more control with a street stall because I can see how the food and the money is handled. If someone is touching the money and then the raw ingredients, I don’t eat there. If there are plastic gloves for the food-making and then they are kept on for handling money? Same – it’s a miss. For two-party stalls often one person will be in charge of the cash and cooking, and the other preparation. This is a good bet, since they are kept separate.

Basically, avail yourself of your senses when choosing where to eat.

That’s not to say that I avoid restaurants entirely! But where there is a culture of street food (like Mexico City or Saigon or Bangkok) I will usually eat all of my meals on the street.

4. Translation cards for those with food restrictions

I have celiac disease, and another reason I eat on the street is that I can modify the meal as it is cooked, instead of relying on pre-made sauces that might get me sick. I made my own translation cards because the ones I bought or downloaded still got me sick because they were insufficiently detailed. For example, many vendors don’t realize that soy sauce, hoisin sauce, and oyster sauce all contain wheat flour. Each card goes through two sets of translations and is researched by a celiac who loves to eat.

Friends with peanut allergies also carry translation cards, and of course due diligence is needed to know what ingredients have to be avoided. If you’re looking for nut allergy or shellfish allergy cards, you can head to Select Wisely or Allergy Translation.

These cards go a long way toward getting your point across — certainly more so than my initial “gesture feverishly while mimicking getting ill over food” — and Select Wisely has a strongly worded option for those with more life-threatening allergies. You could also bring a Point It Dictionary if you’re concerned about eating food you can’t place. Also fun for trading words in your respective language when on a long train ride. I am also in the process of building my own celiac cards with highly detailed notes tailored to specific countries.

5. Cutlery as culprit

Watching how the cutlery is washed is important.

Cutlery can be a source of bacteria even if the food is safe and fresh. I carry baby wipes with me for older wooden chopsticks that look like they need a wipedown, or for utensils that don’t seem well-washed. It will get you some weird looks but it can be helpful to ensure the cutlery is clean. Alternatively, cute portable chopsticks will do the trick. I carry these ones at all times.

I rarely make use of this extra cleaning-or-chopsticks system but have found it really useful to have the option, especially when outside of urban centers. A bonus: if you need to use the washroom and forgot toilet paper you always have your baby wipes!

6. Morning markets to start the day

Hue’s Dong Ba market in the morning.

When readers write about where to start with street food, I always suggest they head to a busy local produce market. Be it the many rotating markets around Inle Lake in Myanmar to morning food markets in Mexico City, or on a side trip to a small village — if it has a produce market, it usually has some freshly cooked food. Because these stalls are set up to feed the hungry shoppers, there is quick turnover. I’ve found that a way to experience a daunting new food spectrum is to start at these markets and try the foods one by one.

Plus, many people opt for hotels with breakfasts included, or for a more Western breakfast of yoghurt and fruit. While that may be an option, I’d highly recommend dining at a market instead. If you love the food you try, you can ask the vendor where they are during the day, or if they don’t serve that food elsewhere, where they would suggest you try it instead.

All in all, markets are an excellent way to kickstart your tastebuds and all of your other senses.

7. What time do locals eat? That’s when you want to be eating.

Street stalls move around as people do; eat when the locals eat!

One of the pieces of advice I give to tourists, especially European ones who eat a bit later than North Americans, is to try to mimic the local food times for their meals. I realize that 6pm dinners or 11am lunches don’t fit the usual meal patterns for most, but it can be very helpful for your stomach if that’s when locals eat.

This is especially important when dishes are cooked and set out buffet style, as you’d want to eat them when they are fresh and before bacteria can form as the food cools. For me, this means shifting my meal times somewhat but it is worth it because the food is piping hot, newly cooked, and doesn’t get me sick.

8. Fully cooked food is safest, always.

Remember my llama empañada? Yup, I disregarded this advice entirely. The center of the snack was cold and I still finished it off. DON’T BE ME. If it’s not fully cooked and it’s supposed to be a hot meal, ask for it to be cooked a bit more.

I’ve gotten more adventurous over the years, eating raw shrimp dishes in Thailand and fresh herbs in places where I don’t know the water source. This has been a product of my own risks and my understanding of what my stomach can handle. Happily, even in North India I didn’t get sick, despite eating street food. Why? I made sure it was fully cooked, freshly made, and my mum and I also decided to stick to the meal times of locals. (I have to say I was a bit surprised as I anticipated getting sick at least once given the stories of my friends but happily I did not!)

9. Beware of ice or fruit shakes where water is contaminated

Paying attention to how fruit shakes are made goes a long way! Mrs. Pa in Chiang Mai uses safe water and safe ice.

I order drinks with ice in Saigon or Bangkok, where filtered water is subsidized and available cheaply for the general population. I’ve also spent quite a bit of time in both cities and have never gotten sick from the water or ice. That said, when I travel outside the cities I try to avoid ice or fruit shakes with ice because I do not know how the ice was made. If there’s an easy thing to cut out where the water isn’t safe, ice is the first to go. Fruit shakes in Laos downed quite a few of my friends because the ice was not made from distilled water. Best to be sure, especially if you’re frequently on the move.

10. Vegetarian for a spell?

In some destinations, I avoid meat if I am really concerned about food poisoning. When I took my mum to India, we ate street food but stuck to vegetarian eats for the most part. The times we did eat meat we were told we were taking a risk, but we decided to regardless because we were excited about the food. Even the most carnivore of friends tend to temporarily avoid meat in places where water is extremely contaminated.

11. Peel your fruit or don’t eat it

Rambutan, the “hairy fruit”, in Vietnam. These are easy to peel and great as a snack.

Unless you are used to a new place and its bacteria, I would only eat peelable fruit. Bananas, papaya, mango, rambutan, mangoesteens and more — there is no shortage of delicious fruit that has a peel, and your stomach will thank you. Avoid lettuce, or fruit with skin you eat (like apples).  Strawberries, while tempting, ought to be avoided in countries with high pollution and a questionable water system.

12. Sauces can be a problem

I love a good table condiment, but occasionally the sauces are what causes travelers some distress. The reason is that in many destinations they are kept at room temperature, meaning they can breed bacteria over time. I tend to gauge my sauce usage on the amount of consumption from other diners: if it’s a food where condiments are used liberally (e.g. bun rieu soup in Vietnam, where it would be blasphemous to skip adding wet chili paste), I go for it. If I can see crust on the side of the sauce, or a few drops are used at a time, I will take my time trying the salsas or sauces to ensure they are not unrefrigerated indefinitely.

I am currently in Oaxaca, Mexico, and I have eaten sauces for all my meals thus far without issue. I have also chosen places teeming with people and families, and watched almost everyone scoop liberal amounts onto their food.

What if you do get food poisoning?

The tips above are not guarantees and even the most iron cast stomachs can be felled occasionally by a food misadventure. It is part and parcel of the risk inherent in traveling.

If you get food poisoning or a stomach illness, then a visit to a local doctor might be in order. Many of them are familiar with traveler’s diarrhea but also with any lingering viruses circulating in the region. I do not take Imodium unless and until I have an absolute emergency in the form of a long bus ride plus food poisoning.

I would caution against trying to rehydrate immediately with sweetened sport electrolyte drinks because I’ve found the high levels of sugar in those drinks actually make me feel worse if the bacteria are still in my system. Instead, I stick to a steady diet of oral rehydration salts, rice (bread is a substitute if you are not gluten-intolerant) and bananas. Hydrate as much as possible.

What else do I pack to make my stomach feel better?

Probiotics: I would also recommend traveling with probiotics that don’t need refrigerating. They have helped me get back on track the times I have been sick, and I feel better when I take them. I use the extremely compact Hyperbiotics Pro-15 probiotics, time release pearl capsules that have accompanied me for the last few years. They include some of the strains I wanted to be sure I got in my body.  I realize not everyone is sold on probiotics and that’s fair, but as always I am sharing my experiences. For an overview of pros and cons of probiotics, see this piece by the University of California at Berkeley.

Activated Charcoal: I use activated charcoal when I feel a bit queasy, if I’ve got a hangover, and if I ate gluten by mistake and want to do what I can to mitigate. It has helped me tremendously and I don’t leave home without it, even in North America. You can get these on Amazon, at the 7-11 in Thailand, or at most natural health stores. They’re very reasonably priced.

Digestive Enzyme: I find these useful for me as a celiac, but friends carry them also despite not having any food restrictions.  I use this product because it has DPP-IV (Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV) in it, which helps break down gluten and casein. To be clear, I use these NOT to eat gluten but for times I mistakenly eat gluten and feel very sick. (There is no guidance yet for celiacs about whether this actually can be used to help digest and eat gluten on purpose; it’s an emergency tool for me not a fix for the disease). For non-celiacs a general digestive enzyme like this would normally suffice.

Ginger Tea: You can usually find fresh ginger as you travel, but just in case I bring a few of these ginger root teabags with me to take when my stomach feels a bit off. They are soothing and as a bonus the warm tea helps calm me just before bed.

Resources & Inspiration For Food Lovers

I wanted to end this post with some of the books and sites I’ve gone to over and over again to further fuel my love of food. The first is practical, the rest are suggested for the beauty of the scenes they conjure in prose and photos.

Books to Read

How to Shit Around the World: a doctor’s advice about staying healthy as you travel, food and otherwise. Written with humor and joy, from someone who has been around the world.

Eating Vietnam: a new book from Graham Holliday, famous for his delightful Noodle Pie blog, on his many incredible meals on the streets of Vietnam. As someone who loves Vietnamese food, especially eating it on those tiny blue stools on the side of the road, this book was just wonderful to read.

Lucky Peach’s Street Food issue: covering Chiang Mai, Mexico City, Mumbai, and Buenos Aires.

The World’s Best Street Food: A large food book from Lonely Planet that doubles as a guide. It talks about the kinds of foods in each street food mecca, how they are made, and their primary ingredients and underlying story, and then provides recipes so you can make them at home.

Heat: I read this book years ago but it remains a huge fave, one of those books I was sad came to an end. It follows Bill Buford’s adventures when he decides to apprentice in Mario Batali’s kitchen, then learns how to be a line cook, a pasta-maker, and an apprentice to a Dante-quoting butcher in Tuscany.

Shark’s Fin and Sichuan Pepper: Fuchsia Dunlop’s memoir of her time eating in China was so lovingly crafted that I could not concentrate until I finished the book. A great insight into not just her travels but also Chinese culture as seen from outside eyes.

Spice: The History of a Temptation: Written by Jack Turner, a Brit with a great sense of humor, this history of spices and the spice trade takes you through the ages and into the minds and palates of explorers from hundreds of years ago to present day.

Salt: A World History: Essential reading from Mark Kurlansky about the history of the world’s most overlooked white powder, and how its use changed the way we function in the world and how much we were able to explore it by sea.

Three Cookbooks I Love

Latin American Street Food: The best flavors from the markets and beaches and roadside stands in Latin America, from Mexico down to Argentina, in recipes you can make at home.

David Thompson’s Thai Street Food: A bible for those who love to eat Thai food, this cookbook combined with travelogue is a must for your shelf. It’s heavy, but you’ll enjoy it.

Burma: Rivers of Flavor: I’ve gifted this book to friends and family alike because Naomi Duguid beautifully captures the colors, flavors, and fascinating history from her many months in Burma (Myanmar).

Food Sites and Podcasts to Learn From

There’s nothing more satisfying to me than learning about the stories and history behind the foods on my plate. Here are a few websites that I turn to time and time again as starting points for these culinary explorations:

• Edible Geography
• Food Politics
• Gernot Katzer’s Spice Page
• Politics of the Plate
• The incredible Food Timeline
• History.com’s Hungry History series
• Gastropod podcast
• NPR’s The Salt

And finally, some inspiration! Netflix’s 2019 documentary series celebrating street food from Southeast Asia, along with the people who make it. The series, from creators of Chef’s Table, will cover the life and stories of the cooks as well as their food — much like Chef’s Table did. First season episodes are Thailand, India, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, and Vietnam.

For a list of the dishes and chefs featured, see this Eater piece. For the series itself, start here.

Hopefully with this guide you will not shy away from street food entirely, but instead pick judiciously and enjoy not just the explosion of tastes on your tongue but also the glorious chaos of sitting on the street and surveying the scene as you eat.

Bon appetit!

-Jodi